Cyber Insurance in 2025: What CFOs and Risk Managers Need to Know to Avoid Costly Gaps

As cyber threats evolve in both sophistication and scale, cyber insurance has moved from a niche policy consideration to a cornerstone of business continuity and enterprise risk management. For many organizations, coverage is now a condition of financing, contract renewal, or fiduciary oversight. Yet many policies still fall short, especially when the scope of coverage is misunderstood or when internal controls do not align with insurer expectations.

The cyber insurance market is evolving rapidly. Carriers are raising premiums, narrowing terms, and demanding stronger safeguards. Without baseline protections like encryption, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and regular patching, companies may find affordable coverage out of reach.

Coverage Should Reflect Today’s Risks

Cyberattacks—ransomware, phishing, and fraud—are becoming harder to detect and mitigate. Newer technologies such as generative AI and biometrics add complexity to the threat landscape. Deepfakes can be used to deceive staff. Biometric data, if compromised, raises regulatory concerns. These risks cannot be addressed through insurance alone. Coverage should be one component of a broader cybersecurity strategy.

Most policies include two types of protection: first-party coverage for the insured’s own losses and third-party coverage for liabilities to clients, vendors, or regulators. First-party terms may include forensic costs, data restoration, and crisis management. Third-party claims often result from breaches that involve shared systems. Even minor involvement in a compromised environment may trigger legal exposure.

However, policy language varies widely. Definitions, exclusions, and assumptions can materially affect what is covered. For example, some carriers exclude claims tied to outdated software or the absence of MFA. Others deny coverage when endpoint protections are missing or incident response plans are undocumented.

Application Is Not Just a Formality

The application process often functions as a limited audit. Carriers ask about training, vulnerability scans, third-party oversight, and whether internal controls meet current security standards. MSPs are not a substitute for cyber insurance, and relying on them without clearly defined roles may introduce risk. As requirements tighten, insurers will continue to raise expectations. Consider that MFA, once optional, is now mandatory in most underwriting frameworks.

Cyber claims often stem from familiar sources: phishing emails, malicious attachments, or fraud schemes. The costs, however, are escalating. In 2024, Change Healthcare paid a $22 million ransom, with reported financial losses exceeding $2 billion. Smaller incidents—spoofed emails, payroll breaches—also carry ripple effects. Cyber insurance may mitigate those losses, but only if the policy accurately reflects operational exposure.

Mistakes during policy selection are common. Some assume general liability covers cyber risk. Others submit applications under deadline pressure without input from IT or legal. These shortcuts may lead to denied claims or insufficient protection. Legacy systems and cloud sprawl also raise concerns about systemic risk.

Cyber Resilience Starts With Readiness

A well-structured cyber policy must be informed by the organization’s infrastructure, third-party dependencies, and regulatory responsibilities. Independent assessments can support underwriting, identify control gaps, and serve as a negotiating tool. The goal is not just to transfer risk—but to ensure the policy performs when needed.

Cyber insurance is no longer optional. It reflects a commitment to resilience, financial foresight, and integrated risk governance.

How We Help

AAFCPAs helps clients protect sensitive data, meet compliance requirements, and reduce the risk of costly disruptions through tailored IT risk/cyber security and cyber security insurance policy assessments. These provide clear insight into control gaps and align cybersecurity measures with your business goals, strengthening readiness, supporting insurance underwriting, and improving oversight.

Our team identifies internal and external threats, vendor and third-party risks, system configurations, and employee awareness gaps. We provide actionable recommendations through services like vulnerability and penetration testing, IT general control assessment, IT infrastructure and network security assessments, phishing simulations and employee security awareness training, and backup and recovery reviews. These solutions help reduce exposure, enhance incident response, and strengthen ongoing risk management.

These insights were contributed by Vassilis Kontoglis, Partner, Analytics, Automation & IT Security and Mr. Anderson, MCSE, CCNP, CISSP, CEH, Certified Ethical Hacker. Questions? Reach out to our authors directly or your AAFCPAs partner. AAFCPAs offers a wealth of resources on IT Security. Subscribe to get alerts and insights in your inbox.